HIGH RESOLUTION DECADAL FORECASTS
Month
Parameter
Year 10 Years Mean Opacity 65%
Max Temperature (°C) Mean
°C anomaly
Colors now use Mean values range
-2.0 0 +2.0
Location Data
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Max Temperature (°C anomaly)
Min Temperature (°C anomaly)
Precipitation (mm anomaly)
Anomaly Values
Year Max T (°C) Min T (°C) Precip (mm)
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About high resolution decadal forecasts

The present application is implemented within the framework of the Augures! research program. This program applies an innovative interdisciplinary methodology to assess the impacts of climate change on crop yields, agricultural income, and food security, providing actionable information. The project delivers a comprehensive approach to predicting the impacts of climate change on EU agriculture.

In its current operational phase, the application focuses on decadal climate forecasts. These represent a climate prediction for the next 10 years, bridging the crucial gap between short-term seasonal forecasts (3-6 months) and long-term, centennial climate projections.

The agro-meteorological indicators presented in the application as deviations from the norm (1991-2020) are the following:

  • Monthly mean maximum daily temperature
  • Monthly mean minimum daily temperature
  • Monthly cumulative precipitation
  • Number of hot days (maximum temperature above 35°C) in the year.
  • Number of frost days (minimum temperature below 0°C) in the year.
  • Number of frost days during spring (minimum temperature below 0 °C). Late frost risk for early-blooming olives or other crops.
  • Duration of longest dry spell (consecutive days with precipitation below 1 mm) in the year.
  • Average daily precipitation amount on wet days (days with precipitation above 1 mm).
  • Total number of days in the year with precipitation above 20 mm.
  • Annual relative crop yield change for wheat (%), as estimated by the DSSAT crop model.
  • Annual relative crop yield change for maize (%), as estimated by the DSSAT crop model.

The term precipitation refers to any form of water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface. This includes rain, snow, hail, and sleet.

The climate over the next decade is determined equally by two main factors: intrinsic variability (which is primarily dictated by slowly evolving ocean conditions) and natural or anthropogenic external forcings (such as anthropogenic global warming and solar activity). Decadal forecasts are initialized from the observed state of the climate system and numerically simulate the next 10 years. The forecast results presented in this application represent the average value of different models and scenarios, in order to account for chaos and the reliance on the intricacies of each individual model.

It should be noted that decadal forecasts cannot predict specific daily weather events; rather, they aim to simulate long-term averages and climate trends over a 10-year horizon. This medium-term forecasting is essential for society, providing crucial data for planning and risk management in vital sectors such as agriculture, water resources, energy, fisheries, and public health.

The 10-year average of all parameters is accompanied by an estimate of uncertainty, that is inferred by the spread of the multiple scenarios we have investigated.

European Decadal Climate Outlook Technical Appendix